Journal of Empirical Economic Research

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has created uncertainty in various sectors of the national and global economy, including the financial sector. This disease has had a major impact on societies, causing health and financial crises and pushing economies to the brink of recession. This study focuses on the financial development of Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic and the effect of oil price, gold price and uncertainty of Iran's economic policies on the financial development of Iran's economy. In this study, the quantile regression approach was used to evaluate the daily data of the variables from 19 February 2020 to 10 September 2021. The empirical results of this study show that the increase in the number of registered Covid-19 patients has a positive effect on financial development, while the price of gold and the uncertainty of Iran's economic policies have a negative correlation with financial development. As for the economic policy uncertainty variable, it has a negative effect on Iran's financial development in the lower and middle deciles, but a positive effect in the upper deciles. The final result of this study is the confirmation of the existence of asymmetry in the impact of Covid-19 on Iran's financial development.

Abstract Abstract
In response to the deterioration of environmental quality and weather challenges across the globe, international strategies have prioritized ecological preservation. Contemporary developmental policies often concentrate on greening production systems worldwide. Integrating renewable energy into the global energy composition not only alleviates reliance on fossil fuels but also serves as an adjunct to global non renewable reserves. The provision of capital for renewable energy projects and technologies is vital for economies. Therefore, the procurement of investment for large scale projects, especially those related to energy, remains constrained in developing economies due to their special status, underscoring the necessity of selecting proper financing mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the role of financial efficiency on renewable energy demand in OPEC member countries over the period 1995-2021, using panel data analysis. Findings reveal that financial system indicators have a significant negative effect on renewable energy demand, but real interest rates and nominal exchange rates demonstrate a significant positive impact. The negative impact of financial efficiency on renewable energy demand suggests that as financial systems in OPEC member countries increase, their renewable energy demand tends to diminish.

Abstract The present study designs a model to improve the translation ability of undergraduate English students in a hybrid method. The research is combined in terms of purpose, application and exploration, and its method. The statistical population includes related articles and texts and English translation experts and specialists. In the qualitative stage, the statistical sample for the meta-combined method, related articles, and texts, and for the fuzzy Delphi technique, 17 specialists in the field of the English translation are targeted. Quantitatively, a statistical sample for interpretive structural modeling and structural equations is provided by 40 English translation experts and students. Collecting tools in the qualitative stage, articles and texts related to English translation, and in the quantitative stage has made a researcher questionnaire. Using the meta-combination method, the original model was extracted and English translation experts from the fuzzy Delphi technique approved the most important factors. The model was determined, fitted, and validated by interpretive structural modeling of the levels and dimensions of the model. The results show that the final research model with the dimensions of language skills, writing (writing) abilities, specialized knowledge, knowledge of the culture of the source and destination languages, creativity, and taste of the translator and 22 criteria has a good fit.